High Cholesterol

High cholesterol can be caused by a combination of lifestyle factors and genetics. Eating too many foods high in saturated fats, smoking, drinking alcohol, and not being physically active can all raise your cholesterol levels. Some people inherit a condition called familial hypercholesterolaemia, which causes naturally high cholesterol levels.

High cholesterol usually doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms, which is why many people don’t realise they have it. It’s typically detected through a routine blood test. Even without symptoms, it can silently contribute to the build-up of fatty deposits in your arteries, leading to serious complications if untreated.

The main treatments include lifestyle changes and medication. Eating a healthy, balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly are key steps. Statins such as Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, or Rosuvastatin, and other medications like Ezetimibe or Fenofibrate, may also be prescribed to help lower cholesterol levels effectively.

Statins work by reducing the amount of cholesterol made in the liver, which helps lower the levels in your blood. Ezetimibe works slightly differently by limiting how much cholesterol your body absorbs from food. Both approaches can reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke when used as directed.

There are two main types: LDL (low-density lipoprotein), often called “bad cholesterol,” and HDL (high-density lipoprotein), known as “good cholesterol.” High LDL levels can lead to plaque build-up in arteries, while HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. The goal of treatment is to lower LDL and increase HDL for a healthier balance.

High cholesterol doesn’t usually go away on its own and often needs long-term management. With consistent lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication, you can bring your cholesterol down to a healthier level. Regular check-ups are important to monitor your progress and make any needed adjustments.

There isn’t a permanent cure, but high cholesterol can be well controlled. Many people manage it effectively through diet, exercise, and medication. Keeping up with healthy habits and taking prescribed treatments can keep your cholesterol levels within a safe range for life.

Foods high in saturated and trans fats are the main culprits. These include fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, butter, processed snacks, and fried foods. Choosing lean meats, fish, whole grains, and plant-based fats like olive oil can help reduce cholesterol levels over time.

Try to avoid foods that are fried or heavily processed, as well as those high in saturated fats. Limiting alcohol, reducing salt intake, and quitting smoking also make a big difference. It’s also best to avoid a sedentary lifestyle – regular physical activity helps raise good cholesterol and lower bad cholesterol.

Total cholesterol levels above 6.0 mmol/L are generally seen as high and may increase your risk of heart disease. LDL levels above 4.0 mmol/L are also concerning. Your doctor will look at your full lipid profile and other health factors to decide whether treatment is needed.

Yes, cholesterol-lowering medicines such as statins and ezetimibe are generally safe and well tolerated. Some people may experience mild side effects like muscle aches or stomach discomfort, but these are often temporary. Your healthcare provider will monitor you regularly to ensure the treatment remains safe and effective.

Adults with high cholesterol, especially those with additional risk factors like diabetes or high blood pressure, are often prescribed these medicines. However, they’re not suitable for everyone – for example, some treatments aren’t recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. You should always follow medical advice before starting or stopping any medication.

Untreated high cholesterol can lead to the build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This narrows and hardens the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious cardiovascular problems. Early detection and treatment greatly reduce these risks.

You can drink alcohol in moderation, but too much can raise your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The NHS recommends no more than 14 units of alcohol per week, spread over several days. If you’re taking cholesterol-lowering medication, it’s best to discuss safe limits with your doctor or pharmacist.