Bacterial Vaginosis

The main symptoms include a thin, grey or white vaginal discharge and a strong, fishy smell, especially after sex. Itching or irritation is less common compared to other vaginal infections. Some women may not have any symptoms at all but can still have BV.

BV occurs when there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria that replace the normal lactobacillus in the vagina. The exact cause isn’t always clear, but it can be linked to having a new sexual partner, multiple partners, or using perfumed soaps or douches. However, BV is not classed as a sexually transmitted infection.

The factors that increase the risk include smoking, having an intrauterine device (IUD), and frequent vaginal washing with scented products. Sexual activity with new or multiple partners can also contribute. Sometimes BV can happen without any obvious trigger.

The most common treatment is a short course of antibiotics, which may be taken orally or applied directly inside the vagina as a cream or gel. These help to restore the normal balance of bacteria and clear symptoms. It’s important to finish the full course even if symptoms improve.

First-line treatment is usually a course of antibiotics such as metronidazole, which may be taken as tablets or applied as a gel. This is generally effective in clearing the infection. The type of treatment offered can depend on personal circumstances, including whether you are pregnant.

BV treatments are generally safe when used as prescribed. Like any medication, they can cause side effects such as mild stomach upset, a metallic taste in the mouth, or local irritation with creams or gels. The majority of side effects are temporary and mild.

If left untreated, BV can sometimes increase the risk of pelvic infections or complications during pregnancy. It may also raise the risk of catching sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. While not dangerous in most women, it is better to treat BV promptly to prevent issues.

With treatment, BV usually clears up within 5 to 7 days. Without treatment, it may persist for weeks or even months, although symptoms can sometimes come and go. Recurrence is also quite common, even after successful treatment.

In some cases, BV can improve without treatment, especially if the triggers are removed. However, symptoms often persist or return, which is why treatment is usually recommended. Leaving BV untreated increases the risk of complications.

Unfortunately, there is no guaranteed permanent cure for BV, as it can return even after treatment. However, reducing triggers like scented soaps, vaginal douching, or smoking may help lower the risk of recurrence. It’s also beneficial to do safe sex practices and maintain vaginal health.

Yes, there are home test kits available that check for changes in vaginal pH levels, which can indicate BV. However, these tests are not always 100% accurate and may not distinguish BV from other conditions like thrush. If you’re unsure, it’s best to seek medical advice for confirmation.

If you are pregnant, BV can still be treated safely with certain antibiotics. Your doctor will choose a treatment that is safe for both you and your baby. It’s important to seek medical advice promptly, as untreated BV in pregnancy can increase the risk of complications.

Yes, BV often recurs, sometimes within a few months of treatment. This can be frustrating but repeat courses of antibiotics are usually effective. Ongoing prevention strategies, such as avoiding scented products or reducing risk factors, may help reduce recurrence.