Menopause (HRT)

The common symptoms include hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and difficulty sleeping. Many women also notice changes in skin, hair, and memory or concentration. Symptoms can vary in severity and duration, with some lasting for several years.

Menopause is caused by a natural decline in reproductive hormones, especially oestrogen and progesterone. As the ovaries age, they release fewer eggs and produce less of these hormones. This hormonal shift disrupts the menstrual cycle and leads to the typical symptoms of menopause.

The five commonly described stages are pre menopause, perimenopause, menopause, early post menopause, and late post menopause. Premenopause is when hormone changes begin but periods are still regular. Menopause itself is defined as the point when periods stop, while the postmenopausal stages cover the years following this change.

Treatment often involves Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), which helps replace the hormones the body is no longer producing. HRT can relieve symptoms such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbance. Some women may also use non-hormonal treatments, lifestyle changes, or complementary therapies.

HRT works by supplementing the hormones oestrogen, and sometimes progesterone, that decrease during menopause. This helps reduce symptoms like hot flushes, mood changes, and bone thinning. HRT is available in different forms, such as tablets, patches, gels, or vaginal preparations.

HRT is generally safe for most women, but like any treatment, it comes with some risks and side effects. The benefits often outweigh the risks for women who start HRT near the time of menopause. Your doctor will consider your medical history to decide if it is a suitable option for you.

Some women may experience mild side effects such as breast tenderness, bloating, or headaches when starting HRT. These usually improve after a few weeks as the body adjusts. Rarely, HRT may increase the risk of certain conditions, which is why regular check-ups are recommended.

Menopause itself is a single point in time, but symptoms can last several years. On average, women experience symptoms for around four to eight years, though some may find they continue for longer. The duration can vary depending on lifestyle, genetics, and overall health.

Coping with menopause often involves a mix of treatments and lifestyle changes. HRT and non-hormonal therapies can help relieve symptoms, while regular exercise, a healthy diet, and stress management can improve wellbeing. Support from friends, family, and healthcare professionals also plays an important role.

It’s best to avoid smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a poor diet, as these can worsen symptoms and long-term health risks. Skipping regular exercise may also contribute to weight gain and reduced bone strength. Managing stress and prioritising sleep are also important to feel better during this stage.

Menopause is a natural stage of life and cannot be cured, but its symptoms can be managed effectively. HRT and other treatments can greatly improve quality of life. Many women find that symptoms ease over time as their bodies adjust to new hormone levels.

You should see a doctor if symptoms are severely affecting your quality of life or if you are experiencing menopause earlier than expected. Unusual bleeding, persistent pain, or new health concerns should also be checked. A doctor can help confirm if your symptoms are menopause-related and discuss treatment options.

Some women cope well without treatment, but untreated menopause can cause ongoing discomfort from symptoms like hot flushes or vaginal dryness. Long-term, low oestrogen levels can increase the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease. Treatment can help protect against these risks as well as relieve daily symptoms.

Yes, you can drink alcohol in moderation, but it may worsen symptoms such as hot flushes and sleep problems. Excessive drinking also increases the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, which are already concerns after menopause. Sticking to recommended guidelines can help manage both symptoms and overall health.