Acne

Acne develops when excess sebum (oil) and dead skin clog pores, allowing bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes to thrive. Hormonal fluctuations, stress, and certain medications can also trigger or worsen breakouts. Factors like oily cosmetics and friction from clothing can contribute too.

The main symptoms include whiteheads, blackheads, pimples, and cysts that can appear on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, or back. In more severe cases, acne can cause inflammation, pain, and scarring. The severity and type of spots vary from person to person.

Acne can be classified into non-inflammatory (blackheads and whiteheads) and inflammatory types (papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts). Hormonal acne tends to appear around the chin and jawline, while bacterial acne can cause red, inflamed spots. Understanding the type of acne helps guide the right treatment.

There are several effective acne treatments, including topical gels and creams like Duac Gel, Acnecide Gel, and Finacea, as well as oral antibiotics such as Doxycycline or Lymecycline. These work by reducing bacteria, inflammation, and oil production. Consistent use is key, and results can take a few weeks to appear.

Most acne treatments aim to target one or more causes of acne – excess oil, bacteria, and clogged pores. Topical treatments like Azelaic Acid (found in Finacea or Skinoren) help clear blocked pores and reduce redness, while antibiotic options such as Doxycycline tackle bacterial infection. Combining treatments is often the most effective approach.

Hormonal acne often appears around the lower face and jawline and can worsen around your menstrual cycle. It tends to involve deep, painful cysts rather than surface spots. On the other hand, bacterial acne usually presents as inflamed, pus-filled spots that respond well to antibiotic treatments.

Severe acne can be caused by a combination of genetics, hormonal changes, and overactive oil glands. When pores become deeply blocked and infected, cysts and nodules can form beneath the skin. Without treatment, severe acne can lead to long-term scarring and emotional distress.

Bacterial acne is mainly caused by an overgrowth of acne-causing bacteria in blocked pores. Triggers include excess oil production, poor skin hygiene, and using heavy or greasy cosmetics. Treatments such as Duac Gel, Zineryt Solution, or oral antibiotics can help control bacteria and reduce inflammation.

Acne can worsen with hormonal changes, stress, certain medications, or using skincare products that clog pores. Picking or squeezing spots also spreads bacteria and increases the risk of scarring. Keeping to a gentle, consistent skincare routine helps manage breakouts more effectively.

Acne can last for several years, often improving with age or hormonal balance. Some people continue to experience breakouts into adulthood, especially if their acne is hormonal. Effective treatments can significantly reduce symptoms and prevent future flare-ups.

While there’s no instant cure, acne can be managed effectively with the right long-term treatment plan. Using prescribed medications such as Differin Gel, Epiduo Gel, or antibiotic capsules helps control outbreaks and prevent scarring. Consistency and patience are key to achieving clear skin.

Mild acne may clear up without treatment, especially after puberty when hormone levels stabilise. However, moderate to severe acne usually requires medical treatment to prevent scarring and long-term damage. Early intervention can make a big difference to skin health.

For many people, acne improves or disappears with age or consistent treatment. However, it can occasionally persist into adulthood, particularly if triggered by hormones or certain lifestyle factors. Ongoing management with suitable skincare and medication can help maintain clear skin.

You should seek medical advice if your acne is painful, leaving scars, or affecting your confidence. Persistent or severe acne often needs prescription treatments like antibiotics or retinoid-based gels. A healthcare professional can recommend the best plan for your skin type and severity.