Heavy periods, also known as menorrhagia, can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. In order to manage this condition effectively, it’s essential to understand the causes, symptoms and available treatments. 

In this ultimate guide from e-Surgery, we will explore everything you need to know about heavy periods, including medications and treatments, lifestyle changes, and when to seek medical advice. 

What Are Heavy Periods? 

Heavy periods are menstrual periods that is excessively heavy or prolonged. While menstrual flow varies from one woman to another, heavy periods are characterised by specific symptoms that can significantly disrupt daily activities and affect quality of life.  

The impact of menorrhagia is not just physical but also emotional, leading to anxiety or stress over potential accidents. The condition can also lead to anaemia, a condition marked by a lack of red blood cells, leading to fatigue and decreased vitality. 

Causes Of Heavy Periods 

There are several factors that can contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding. These include: 

  • Hormonal Imbalance: In many cases, heavy periods result from an imbalance between oestrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate the building of the lining of the uterus, which is shed during menstruation. If this develops excessively due to a hormonal imbalance, menstrual bleeding may be heavier than normal. 
  • Uterine Fibroids: These non-cancerous growths appear in the uterus and can cause heavier and more painful periods due to their influence on the size and shape of the uterus. 
  • Uterine Polyps: Small, benign growths on the lining of the uterus can also lead to heavier menstrual bleeding. 
  • Adenomyosis: This condition occurs when glands from the endometrium become embedded in the uterine muscle. 
  • Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Non-hormonal IUDs, specifically copper IUDs, are known to increase menstrual bleeding and cramping in some women. 
  • Medications: Certain medications, including anti-inflammatory drugs, hormone medications, and anticoagulants, can contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding. 
  • Other Medical Conditions: Conditions such as thyroid problems, endometriosis, and some inherited bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease or platelet function disorders can cause heavy bleeding during menstrual periods. 

It’s important to note that in some cases, the exact cause of heavy menstrual bleeding may not be identifiable. This is known as dysfunctional uterine bleeding.  

If you’re experiencing heavy periods, it’s crucial to consult with a doctor. They can help determine the underlying cause or recommend appropriate treatment options. 

Symptoms Of Heavy Periods 

One of the primary symptoms of heavy periods is excessive menstrual bleeding, however there are other signs. These include: 

  • Soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours. 
  • Needing to use double sanitary protection. 
  • Waking up to change sanitary protection during the night. 
  • Menstrual flow lasting more than seven days. 
  • Passing large blood clots. 
  • Restricting daily activities due to the heavy menstrual flow. 
  • Symptoms of anaemia, such as fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath, which result from significant blood loss. 

These symptoms can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life, making it essential to seek medical advice for diagnosis and treatment if suffering from any of these symptoms. 

If you are experiencing any of these, it’s advisable to keep a record of your menstrual cycle, noting the duration of your periods, the frequency of pad or tampon changes, and any additional symptoms like large clots or severe cramps. This information will be incredibly helpful for your doctor in diagnosing and managing heavy periods effectively. 

Diagnosing Heavy Periods 

A combination of medical history review, physical examinations, and diagnostic tests are used to diagnose heavy periods.  

The first step in diagnosis is a detailed conversation about your menstrual cycle, family health history, and any symptoms you are experiencing. Your doctor will ask about the regularity, duration, and volume of your menstrual flow, as well as any other related symptoms like pain or fatigue. A general physical exam, including a pelvic exam, is also regularly conducted to check for any abnormalities in your reproductive glands. 

There are also other tests and examinations that could be undertaken including; blood tests, pap test, ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, sonohysterography, and a hysteroscopy. 

The combination of these diagnostic tools helps doctors determine the cause of heavy periods and formulate a treatment plan tailored to the individual’s needs. It’s important to provide your doctor with as much information as possible about your symptoms and medical history to facilitate an accurate diagnosis. 

Treating Heavy Periods 

There are several medications that can help manage heavy menstrual bleeding. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause, the severity of the bleeding, and the woman’s overall health and preferences. 

  • Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce menstrual blood loss and relieve pain. 
  • Tranexamic Acid: This medication helps reduce menstrual bleeding by helping blood clot. 
  • Oral Contraceptives: Hormonal birth control pills can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excessive menstrual bleeding.
  • Hormonal IUD (Intrauterine Device): An IUD that releases a small amount of progestin can decrease menstrual bleeding and cramping. 
  • Progestin Pills: These can help correct hormonal imbalances and reduce the heaviness of menstrual flow. 
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists: These drugs can induce a temporary menopause-like state, reducing oestrogen production and typically leading to lighter periods. However, they may have significant side effects and are usually used short-term. 

These medications can be highly effective in managing heavy menstrual bleeding and improving the quality of life for women affected by this condition. 

Next Steps 

Heavy periods can be challenging, but with the right information and treatment options, they can be managed effectively. At e-Surgery, we understand the challenges of managing heavy periods and are here to support you. Our ‘Ask-a-Pharmacist‘ service provides advice from trained UK healthcare professionals regarding heavy periods. 

Remember, heavy periods are common but not normal. You deserve to live your life without the burden of excessive menstrual bleeding. With the right approach and support, you can effectively manage this condition and improve your quality of life. 

At e-Surgery, we’re here to support you every step of the way – from providing information and advice to delivering the medications you need right to your doorstep. Take the first step towards better menstrual health today.