What is acute sinusitis?
Sinusitis is a condition characterised by the inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the sinuses. This inflammation is often triggered by a viral infection, such as the common cold, which can obstruct the sinuses located around the face, leading to uncomfortable symptoms. Although sinusitis is typically a self-limiting condition that resolves on its own, it may take up to four weeks to fully clear.
What causes acute sinusitis?
Acute sinusitis occurs due to inflammation of the sinus lining, which leads to mucus accumulation and blockage. Various factors, including viral infections and allergies, can trigger this inflammation. Furthermore, the structural integrity of the nasal passages can affect the likelihood of developing sinusitis. For instance, conditions such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps can obstruct mucus drainage, increasing the risk of sinus irritation.
What are the symptoms of acute sinusitis?
A common symptom experienced by many individuals is nasal congestion, often accompanied by facial pressure around the cheeks, forehead, and eyes. This discomfort frequently intensifies when bending forward. Additionally, headaches, cough, and sore throat often accompany the viral infection responsible for these symptoms. Less common manifestations may include toothache, ear pain or pressure, and fever. Most individuals will encounter only a few of these symptoms, and their severity can vary significantly from person to person.
The symptoms last for about 10 days on average but for some, this can become a chronic issue. Therefore, it is important to seek medical advice if you are getting recurring episodes of acute sinusitis so it can be investigated.
How is acute sinusitis diagnosed?
When you visit your doctor for acute sinusitis, they will typically discuss your symptoms and take a detailed medical history, as this condition is often diagnosed clinically rather than through extensive testing. The doctor will ask about your symptoms, their duration, and their severity. It is also advisable to mention how your symptoms affect your daily life so that the most appropriate treatment options can be considered.
In addition, the doctor will perform a physical examination to identify any areas of inflammation, swelling, or tenderness in your facial region.
In certain situations, your doctor may request additional tests to confirm the diagnosis or to rule out other conditions.
- Nasal endoscopy involves the insertion of a thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and camera into the nostrils to visualize the sinuses.
- Imaging Studies: A CT scan or MRI of the sinuses can provide more detailed images of the sinuses and surrounding structures.
- Allergy Testing: If your doctor suspects that allergies may be contributing to your sinusitis, they may recommend either allergy skin testing or blood tests.
How is acute sinusitis treated?
The treatment for sinusitis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of your symptoms. Most cases of acute sinusitis will resolve on their own within a few weeks, especially with some self-care remedies. Various self-care options can help alleviate symptoms and speed up recovery.
- Get plenty of rest to allow your body to heal.
- Drink plenty of fluids, such as water or juice to stay hydrated and thin the mucus.
- Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and paracetamol, are effective in alleviating pain and reducing fever.
- Use nasal decongestants, such as nasal sprays or oral medications, to reduce congestion. However, avoid using nasal decongestants for more than 7 days, as prolonged use can lead to rebound congestion.
- Use a saline nasal spray or a neti pot to rinse your nasal passages, helping to remove mucus and allergens.
- Apply warm compresses to your face to help relieve pain and pressure.
- Inhale steam from a hot shower or a bowl of hot water to help loosen mucus.
If your symptoms are severe or do not improve with home care, your doctor may prescribe medication, such as:
- Antibiotics: If your sinusitis is caused by a bacterial infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if you begin to feel better, to ensure that the infection is completely cleared. Common antibiotics that are used include penicillin or clarithromycin.
- Corticosteroids, including nasal sprays and oral medications, can effectively reduce inflammation in the sinuses.
- Antihistamines: If your sinusitis is caused by allergies, your doctor may recommend antihistamines to help relieve allergy symptoms.
In rare cases, surgery may be required to treat chronic sinusitis or to correct structural issues in the nose that contribute to the condition.
There are also some proactive steps you can take to prevent sinusitis.
- Hand hygiene: this is a simple yet effective method to removing viruses or bacteria that may trigger sinusitis.
- Avoiding close contact with individuals with colds or other respiratory infections will also reduce your risk of catching anything.
- Stop smoking: smoking is major irritant to the nasal passages and can impair your body’s immune system, increasing your risk of infection. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your overall health and wellbeing.
- For those prone to allergies, it is important to have a management strategy for controlling symptoms and avoiding triggers.
- Humidify your home: dry air can also irritate the sinuses so having a humidifier is a great way, especially in the drier months, to keep the air moist.
Summary
In summary, sinusitis is a temporary inflammation of the sinuses, often triggered by a viral infection, such as the common cold. Symptoms typically include nasal congestion, facial pressure, headaches, cough, and sore throat.
Most cases resolve on their own within a few weeks with home care measures, including rest, hydration, pain relievers, and nasal rinses. However, if symptoms persist, you may require further treatment with antibiotics or corticosteroids.
While this guide provides valuable information, it’s not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you’re concerned about your symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional.
Here at e-Surgery, you can consult with a trained UK healthcare professional through our free‘Ask-a-Pharmacist‘ service, who can guide you through your options and answer any questions you may have.
