Cold Sores

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (most commonly HSV-1). Once the virus enters your body, it stays dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate due to certain triggers. Common triggers include stress, fatigue, illness, sun exposure, or hormonal changes.

Cold sores typically begin with a tingling, itching, or burning sensation around the mouth. Small blisters then form, which may burst and crust over before healing. Some people may also experience mild fever, sore throat, or swollen glands when an outbreak starts.

After being exposed to the herpes virus, it travels to nerve cells where it remains inactive until reactivated by certain triggers. When this happens, the virus travels back to the skin, causing blisters to appear. The infection spreads easily through direct skin contact, such as kissing or sharing utensils.

Cold sores progress through several stages: tingling, blistering, weeping (when the blister bursts), crusting, and healing. The entire process usually takes 7–10 days. Treating early with antiviral creams or tablets can shorten the outbreak and ease discomfort.

Antiviral medications such as Aciclovir or Valaciclovir can help reduce the duration and severity of cold sore outbreaks. Aciclovir Cream can also be applied directly to the affected area to speed up healing. Over-the-counter pain relief and keeping the area clean can help manage discomfort while the sore heals.

Most cold sores heal on their own within 7 to 14 days. Early treatment can help speed up recovery and reduce symptoms. If outbreaks are frequent or severe, prescription antiviral tablets may help prevent future flare-ups.

Cold sores are contagious from the first tingling stage until they are completely healed. The virus can spread through direct contact or by sharing personal items like lip balm or cutlery. Avoid kissing or close contact with others during this time to prevent transmission.

Cold sore flare-ups are often triggered by stress, illness, hormonal changes, or excessive sun exposure. A weakened immune system or fatigue can also make outbreaks more likely. Using lip balm with SPF and managing stress can help reduce the risk of flare-ups.

Some people find that foods high in arginine, such as nuts, chocolate, and oats, can trigger cold sores. Acidic or salty foods may also irritate existing sores. A balanced diet rich in lysine-containing foods like fish, chicken, and dairy may help reduce outbreaks.

You should avoid touching, picking, or squeezing cold sores, as this can delay healing and spread the virus. Don’t share towels, razors, or lip products while you have an active sore. Keep the area clean and dry to help it heal faster.

It’s generally better to keep the area clean and dry, but you can cover it with a protective patch or medicated cream if needed. This can help prevent infection and reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Avoid using thick makeup or plasters that may trap moisture.

Recurring cold sores are usually triggered by stress, illness, fatigue, or sunburn. Hormonal changes, such as those during menstruation, can also contribute. Taking antiviral tablets or using topical treatments at the first sign of tingling can help prevent the sore from developing fully.

Yes, cold sores usually clear up on their own within two weeks without treatment. However, antiviral medications can help them heal faster and reduce discomfort. If you experience frequent outbreaks, ongoing treatment may help reduce how often they occur.

Untreated cold sores typically heal naturally, but the process may take longer and be more uncomfortable. In some cases, the virus may spread to other areas of the skin or cause secondary infections. Recurrent outbreaks are also possible if triggers aren’t managed.