Anaphylaxis Treatment

Anaphylaxis is usually triggered by allergens such as foods (like peanuts or shellfish), insect stings, medications, or latex. The body’s immune system overreacts to these substances, releasing chemicals that cause inflammation and swelling. Even small amounts of an allergen can sometimes trigger a serious reaction.

The symptoms of anaphylaxis can include difficulty breathing, wheezing, swelling of the lips or throat, hives, dizziness, or fainting. Some people may also experience nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. These symptoms can progress quickly, which is why prompt treatment is so important.

Anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system releases large amounts of histamine and other chemicals into the bloodstream after contact with an allergen. This causes widespread inflammation, narrowing of the airways, and a drop in blood pressure. The reaction can start within seconds or minutes, making fast recognition and treatment critical.

The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is an injection of adrenaline (epinephrine), which helps reverse the severe symptoms by relaxing airways and increasing blood pressure. Devices such as EpiPen or Jext are used to deliver this medication quickly. After using an adrenaline auto-injector, it’s vital to call emergency services or go to hospital immediately for further monitoring.

The initial symptoms of anaphylaxis usually appear and progress rapidly, often within minutes. With prompt adrenaline treatment, symptoms can improve quickly, but medical supervision is still necessary for several hours. This is because a secondary reaction, known as biphasic anaphylaxis, can occur after the initial episode.

No, anaphylaxis should never be left to resolve without treatment. Without adrenaline, symptoms can worsen quickly and become life-threatening. Even if symptoms appear to ease, it’s important to seek urgent medical care to prevent complications or recurrence.

A mild allergic reaction might cause localised symptoms like itching, a rash, or mild swelling. Anaphylaxis, on the other hand, is a severe allergic reaction that affects multiple body systems, often causing breathing difficulties and a drop in blood pressure. While mild allergies can usually be managed with antihistamines, anaphylaxis always requires adrenaline and emergency care.

Anaphylaxis refers to the overall severe allergic reaction, while anaphylactic shock specifically describes the stage where blood pressure drops dangerously low. This can lead to collapse or loss of consciousness. Both require urgent treatment with adrenaline and medical support.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the safest and most effective treatment for anaphylaxis. When used correctly, the benefits far outweigh any potential side effects, which are usually mild and temporary. Delaying treatment is far riskier than administering adrenaline, even if you’re unsure whether the reaction is severe.

Anyone with a history of severe allergic reactions or diagnosed anaphylaxis should carry an adrenaline auto-injector such as EpiPen or Jext at all times. It’s also important that close contacts, such as family or carers, know how to use it. Your doctor or allergy specialist can help determine if you should be prescribed one.

Adrenaline auto-injectors are designed for quick and simple use in an emergency. They are injected into the outer thigh through clothing if needed. After using one, always call 999 immediately and lie down with your legs raised while waiting for help, unless you have trouble breathing.

Even if you start to feel better after using an injector, you must seek emergency medical care straight away. Healthcare professionals will monitor your breathing and blood pressure and may give further treatment if necessary. Bring your used injector with you so doctors know what dose you received.

While it can’t always be completely prevented, avoiding known allergens is key to reducing risk. Reading food labels, informing restaurants, and carrying your prescribed auto-injector can help manage potential exposure. Some people may also benefit from allergy testing and specialist management plans.

If left untreated, anaphylaxis can rapidly progress to breathing difficulties, shock, and even cardiac arrest. The body’s organs can be deprived of oxygen due to the sudden drop in blood pressure. Prompt treatment with adrenaline can be lifesaving and prevent these serious complications.