Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is caused by infection with HSV, most commonly type 2, but HSV type 1 (which usually causes cold sores) can also spread to the genital area. The virus enters the body through small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes during close contact. Once inside the body, it stays dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate later.

The symptoms often include clusters of small, painful blisters or sores on the genital or anal area. These may be accompanied by itching, tingling, or burning sensations before an outbreak. Some people also experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen glands, or fatigue during their first episode.

The virus spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who carries HSV. It can be transmitted even if no visible sores are present, though the risk is higher during an outbreak. Using condoms or dental dams reduces the risk but doesn’t remove it completely.

There is no permanent cure for herpes because the virus stays in the body for life. However, antiviral medications such as Aciclovir or Valaciclovir can help control outbreaks, reduce their severity, and lower the risk of passing the virus to others. Many people manage their condition successfully with treatment and lifestyle care.

Antiviral tablets are the main treatment, helping to reduce how long outbreaks last and how severe symptoms are. For frequent outbreaks, doctors may recommend daily suppressive therapy to prevent flare-ups. Alongside medication, self-care like keeping the area clean and wearing loose clothing can ease discomfort.

Herpes is most contagious when visible sores or blisters are present, as the virus sheds heavily during this time. However, it can also spread in the days before or after an outbreak, even if the skin looks normal. Antiviral treatment and using condoms can help reduce the chance of passing it on.

Outbreaks of herpes typically heal by themselves within 1–2 weeks, even without treatment. However, the virus remains in the body and can reactivate at any time. Treatment can shorten healing time and reduce the risk of frequent flare-ups.

Yes, most people with herpes live completely normal, healthy lives. With treatment and some precautions during outbreaks, relationships, sex, and family life are all possible. Support from healthcare professionals and open communication with partners can make managing herpes much easier.

Untreated herpes outbreaks will eventually heal, but the virus will remain in your system. Without treatment, flare-ups may be more frequent, painful, or disruptive. For some people, repeated outbreaks can also affect emotional wellbeing and relationships, making treatment an important part of care.

Herpes is usually diagnosed through a swab taken from a blister or sore, which is then tested in a lab. In some cases, blood tests can check for antibodies to the virus. Testing is important to confirm the diagnosis and ensure the right treatment is given.

For most people, genital herpes is not life threatening and can be managed with treatment. The main impact is discomfort during outbreaks and the possibility of passing it to others. In rare cases, complications can occur in newborn babies or people with weakened immune systems, which is why medical care is important.